In a digital signature, who verifies the signature using the signer’s public key?

• A. Signer verifies with recipient's private key
• B. Recipient verifies with signer’s public key
• C. CA verifies the signature
• D. VPN verifies the hash

Answer: (B)

Digital signatures rely on public-key cryptography: the signer uses their private key to create a signature on the message (or its hash), and anyone with the corresponding public key can verify that signature. So the recipient (or any verifier) uses the signer’s public key to check the signature, confirming both the signer’s identity and the message’s integrity. The signer’s private key isn’t used for verification, certificates don’t perform per-message verification, and a VPN has nothing to do with verifying a digital signature.